A Powerpoint Presentation PPT on Paper Battery
A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage device made of cellulose (paper) and Carbon nanotubes. A paper battery can act as a supercapacitor and also as a high–energy battery.
Being Biodegradable, Lightweight, and Nontoxic, flexible paper batteries have potential adaptability to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices, and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies.
Preview of Paper Battery PPT
Download Paper Battery PPT
Introduction
A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage device made of cellulose (paper) and Carbon nanotubes. A paper battery can act as a supercapacitor and also as a high–energy battery.
Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT)
A carbon nanotube is an allotrope of carbon. Allotropy is nothing but different structural modifications of an element. CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties and are efficient thermal conductors.
History of Paper Battery
- In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute led by Dr. Robert Linhardt, Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering Pulickel M. Ajayan, professor of materials science and engineering, Omkaram Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appointment in materials science and engineering) developed the paper battery.
- Senior research specialist Victor Pushparaj, along with postdoctoral research associates Shaijumon M. Manikoth, Ashavani Kumar, and Saravanababu Murugesan, were co-authors and lead researchers of the project.
- Other co-authors include research associate Lijie Ci and Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center Laboratory Manager Robert Vajtai.
Limitations of Li-ion Battery
- Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and current within safe limits
- Subject to aging, even if not in use - storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect.
- Transportation restrictions - shipment of larger quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry-on batteries.
- Expensive to manufacture - about 40 percent higher in cost than nickel-cadmium.
- Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material
Why Use Paper Battery?
- Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.
- Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-36F per gram)
- Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree Celsius)
- Provide both long-term, steady power production and bursts of energy.
- Cost-effective.
Basic Structure of Paper Battery
- Cathode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT)
- Anode: Lithium metal (Li+)
- Electrolyte: All electrolytes (incl. bio electrolytes like blood, sweat, and urine)
- Separator: Paper (Cellulose)
Making of Paper Battery
- CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS) substrates with a solution-based process.
- The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
- A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometers was formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate at 80 °C for 5 min. This film is then peeled off from the substrate.
- These films act as electrodes of the paper battery.
- One film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO (LiCoO2).
- Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) acting as glue.
How does a paper battery work?
- While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy-efficient.
- Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal.
- A paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of electrolytes LTO & LCO.
- Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal during discharging.
- Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.
Advantages of paper battery
- Biodegradable & Non-Toxic
- Reusable & Recyclable
- Durable
- Rechargeable
- No Leakage & Overheating
- Very Light Weight & Flexible
Limitations & Disadvantages of paper battery
- It would not be logical only to ponder over the miraculous properties and applications of Paper Batteries. Things need to be discussed on the flip side as well. Following are some of them:
- Have Low Shear strength: They can be torn easily.
- The Techniques and Setups used in the production of Carbon Nanotubes are very Expensive and very less Efficient. These are Arc discharge Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Laser Ablation Electrolysis
- When inhaled, their interaction with the Macrophages present in the lungs is similar to that with Asbestos fibers, hence may be seriously hazardous to human health.
Applications of paper battery
- Smart cards and tags
- Enhanced Printed Circuit Board(PCB)
- Electronic games and entertainment devices Medical Sciences: in Pacemakers for the heart, in Artificial tissues (using Carbon nanotubes)in Cosmetics, Drug-delivery systems, in Biosensors, such as Glucose meters, Sugar meters, etc.
- Automobiles and Aircraft
- in Hybrid Car Batteries
- in Long, Air Flights reducing Refueling
- for Lightweight guided missiles
- for powering electronic devices in Satellite programs
Conclusion
Standing at a point in the present where there can’t be a day without power, Paper Batteries can provide an altogether path-breaking solution to the same. Being Biodegradable, Lightweight, and Nontoxic, flexible paper batteries have potential adaptability to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices, and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies. However, commercial applications may be a long way away, because nanotubes are still relatively expensive to fabricate.
0 comments