Medical Applications for 3D Printing PPT

Medical Applications for 3D Printing PPT: INTRODUCTION

Medical applications for 3D printing are expanding rapidly and are expected to revolutionize health care. Medical uses for 3D printing, both actual and potential, can be organized into several broad categories, including tissue and organ fabrication; creation of customized prosthetics, implants, and anatomical models; and pharmaceutical research regarding drug dosage forms, delivery, and discovery.The application of 3D printing in medicine can provide many benefits, including the customization and personalization of medical products, drugs, and equipment; cost-effectiveness; increased productivity; the democratization of design and manufacturing; and enhanced collaboration.However, it should be cautioned that despite recent significant and exciting medical advances involving 3D printing, notable scientific and regulatory challenges remain and the most transformative applications for this technology will need time to evolve.

MEDICAL APPLICATIONS FOR 3D PRINTING

Medical applications for 3D printing are expanding rapidly and are expected to revolutionize health care. Medical uses for 3D printing, both actual and potential, can be organized into several broad categories:

• Tissue and organ fabrication
• Creation of customized prosthetics
• Implants, and anatomical models
• Pharmaceutical research regarding drug dosage forms, delivery, and discovery.

TISSUE AND ORGAN FABRICATION

• 3D bioprinting offers additional important advantages beyond the traditional regenerative method (which essentially provides scaffold support alone), such as highly precise cell placement and high digital control of speed, resolution, cell concentration, drop volume, and diameter of printed cells.
• Organ printing takes advantage of 3D printing technology to produce cells, biomaterials, and cell-laden biomaterials individually or in tandem, layer by layer, directly creating 3D tissue-like structures.
• Various materials are available to build the scaffolds, depending on the desired strength, porosity, and type of tissue, with hydrogels usually considered to be most suitable for producing soft tissues

CUSTOMIZED IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESES

• Implants and prostheses can be made in nearly any imaginable geometry through the translation of x-ray, MRI, or CT scans into digital .stl 3D print files.
• In this way, 3D printing has been used successfully in the healthcare sector to make both standard and complex customized prosthetic limbs and surgical implants, sometimes within 24 hours.
• This approach has been used to fabricate dental, spinal, and hip implants.
• Previously, before implants could be used clinically, they had to be validated, which is very time-consuming

COMMERCIAL AND CLINICAL SUCCESSES OF CUSTOMIZED IMPLANTS AND PROSTHESES

• A research team at the BIOMED Research Institute in Belgium successfully implanted the first 3D-printed titanium mandibular prosthesis.
• In 2013, Oxford Performance Materials received FDA approval for a 3D-printed polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) skull implant, which was first successfully implanted that year.
• LayerWise, manufactures 3D-printed titanium orthopedic, maxillofacial, spinal, and dental implants.
• An anatomically correct 3D-printed prosthetic ear capable of detecting electromagnetic frequencies has been fabricated using silicon, chondrocytes, and silver nanoparticles.
• 3D printing has already had a transformative effect on hearing aid manufacturing.Today, 99% of hearing aids that fit into the ear are custom-made using 3D printing.

ANATOMICAL MODELS FOR SURGICAL PREPARATION

• The individual variances and complexities of the human body make the use of 3D-printed models ideal for surgical preparation.
• MRI or CT scans aren’t as instructive since they are viewed in 2D on a flat screen.
• The use of 3D-printed models for surgical training is also preferable to training on cadavers, which present problems with respect to availability and cost.
• 3D-printed neuroanatomical models can be particularly helpful to neurosurgeons by providing a representation of some of the most complicated structures in the human body.
• 3D-printed models have been used in numerous cases to gain insight into a patient’s specific anatomy prior to a medical procedure

CUSTOM 3D-PRINTED DOSAGE FORMS AND DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES

• Complex drug manufacturing processes could also be standardized through use of 3D printing to make them simpler and more viable.
• Personalized 3D-printed drugs may particularly benefit patients who are known to have a pharmacogenetic polymorphism or who use medications with narrow therapeutic indices. A pharmacist could then print and dispense the personalized medication via an automated 3D printing system.
• If necessary, the dose could be adjusted further based on clinical response.
• 3D printing offers the ability to create limitless dosage forms that are likely to challenge conventional drug fabrication.
• 3D printers have already been used to produce many novel dosage forms, such as microcapsules, hyaluronan-based synthetic extracellular matrices, antibiotic printed micropatterns, mesoporous bioactive glass scaffolds, nanosuspensions, and multilayered drug delivery devices.

BENEFITS OF 3D PRINTING IN MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

• Customization and Personalization
• Increased Cost Efficiency
• Enhanced Productivity
• Democratization and Collaboration

BARRIERS AND CONTROVERSIES

• Unrealistic Expectations and Hype: Despite the many potential advantages that 3D printing may provide, expectations of the technology are often exaggerated by the media, governments, and even researchers.
• Safety and Security: 3D printing has given rise to safety and security issues that merit serious concern.3D printers have already been employed for criminal purposes, such as printing illegal items like guns and gun magazines, master keys, and ATM skimmers.
• Patent and Copyright Concerns: Manufacturing applications of 3D printing have been subject to patent, industrial design, copyright, and trademark law for decades.

CONCLUSION

3D printing has become a useful and potentially transformative tool in a number of different fields, including medicine. As printer performance, resolution, and available materials have increased, so have the applications. Researchers continue to improve existing medical applications that use 3D printing technology and to explore new ones. The medical advances that have been made using 3D printing are already significant and exciting, but some of the more revolutionary applications, such as organ printing, will need time to evolve.

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