CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENT SUBSTATIONS
In conventional substations, substation apparatus, such as switchgear and transformer, control, protection, and monitoring equipment is independent of every other device, and a connection is based on the signals coming through the cable. On the other hand, an intelligent substation shares all information on apparatus, control, protection, measurement, and apparatus monitoring equipment through one bus by applying both “digital technology” and “IT-related technology.”
Moreover, high efficiency and miniaturization can be achieved because the local cubicle contains unified control/protection and measurement equipment that is one integrated system. Since an optical bus shares the information between the apparatus and equipment, the amount of cable is sharply reduced. Moreover, as international standards (IEC 61850 and 61375 etc.) are adopted and the system conforms to the telecommunications standard, equipment specifications can be standardized for different vendors.
Intelligent system techniques may be of great help in the implementation of area power system controls. Most of these applications require large quantities of system information, which can be provided by modern telecommunications and computing technology, but require new processing techniques able to extract salient information from these large sets of raw data. Importantly, such large data sets are never errored-free and often contain various types of uncertainty. Finally, control actions may be based on operating strategies specified in the qualitative form, which need to be translated into quantitative decisions.
An important aspect to be considered in the implementation of power systems controls is that, in the restructured power system environment, several of these activities will fall under the category of ancillary services. Therefore, besides the technical issues, economic and financial infrastructure should be taken into account in the design and implementation of control schemes. Information regarding the state-of-the-art in the application of intelligent systems to power system problems can be found in the bibliography listed in section VII.
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