Metal foams are very challenging materials as their manufacture involves the simultaneous occurrence of solid, liquid, and gaseous phases at varying temperatures, and the morphology of the solidified foam is quite complex. Many substances— aqueous solutions, polymers, and glass—can be foamed. Metallic foams typically retain some physical properties of their base material.
Foaming metals is a challenge, made difficult by the high temperatures needed and the reactivity of the molten metal. Only recently has high-quality metallic foam been possible. It’s an intriguing material for the new millennium and may soon be used to improve car passenger safety. Metallic foams are useful because of their high energy absorption capacity per volume and per mass unit.
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